Ulwazi Lomkhiqizo
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha kanye nezindaba zakamuva
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1940, kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe bokuqoqa igazi le-vacuum, obushiya izinyathelo ezingadingekile njengokudweba ishubhu yenaliti nokuphusha igazi eshubhuni yokuhlola, futhi kwasetshenziswa ishubhu lokuphakela igazi elizenzakalelayo elakhiwe ngaphambili ngeshubhu yokuhlanza ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba i-hemolysis ibe yi-vacuum. ubukhulu.Ezinye izinkampani zemishini yezokwelapha nazo zethula eyazo imikhiqizo yokuqoqa igazi le-vacuum, futhi ngeminyaka yawo-1980, kwethulwa ikhava yeshubhu entsha yokuvala ishubhu lokuphepha.Ikhava yezokuphepha iqukethe isembozo sepulasitiki esikhethekile esimboza ishubhu lokuhlanza kanye nepulaki yenjoloba esanda kwakhiwa.Inhlanganisela inciphisa amathuba okuxhumana nokuqukethwe kweshubhu futhi ivimbele ukuthintana kweminwe ngegazi elisele phezulu nasekupheleni kwepulaki.Leli qoqo le-vacuum elinekepisi lokuphepha linciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokungcoliswa yizisebenzi zezempilo kusukela ekuqoqweni kuya ekucutshungulweni kwegazi.Ngenxa yezici zayo ezihlanzekile, eziphephile, ezilula futhi ezinokwethenjelwa, uhlelo lokuqoqa igazi luye lwasetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni futhi luye lwanconywa yi-NCCLS njengethuluzi elijwayelekile lokuqoqwa kwegazi.Ukuqoqwa kwegazi kwevacuum kwasetshenziswa kwezinye izibhedlela eShayina maphakathi nawo-1990.Njengamanje, ukuqoqwa kwegazi kwe-vacuum kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi ezibhedlela eziningi emadolobheni amakhulu naphakathi nendawo.Njengendlela entsha yokuqoqwa nokutholwa kwegazi emtholampilo, umqoqi wegazi wevacuum uguquko lokuqoqwa kwegazi nokugcinwa kwendabuko.
Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenza
Inqubo Yokuqoqwa Kwesampula
1. Khetha amashubhu afanele kanye nenaliti yokuqoqa igazi (noma isethi yokuqoqa igazi).
2. Thepha ngobumnene amashubhu aqukethe izithasiselo ukuze ukhiphe noma iyiphi into okungenzeka inamathela esivimbeni.
3. Sebenzisa i-tourniquet bese uhlanza indawo yokuhlanza ngesibulala-magciwane esifanele.
4. Qiniseka ukuthi ubeka ingalo yesiguli endaweni ebheke phansi.
5. Susa ikhava yenaliti bese wenza ivenipuncture.
6. Uma igazi livela, bhoboza isivalo senjoloba seshubhu bese ukhulula i-tourniquet ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Igazi lizogeleza libe yishubhu ngokuzenzakalelayo.
7. Uma ishubhu lokuqala seligcwele (igazi liyayeka ukugeleza eshubhuni), khipha kahle ishubhu bese ushintsha ishubhu elisha.(Bheka kuhlelo olunconyiwe lwe-Draw)
8. Uma ishubhu lokugcina seligcwele, susa inaliti emthanjeni.Sebenzisa i-swab eyomile oyinyumba ukuze ucindezele indawo yokubhoboza kuze kuphele ukopha.
9. Uma ishubhu liqukethe okungeziwe, guqula kancane ishubhu izikhathi ezingu-5-8 ngokushesha ngemva kokuqoqwa kwegazi ukuze uqinisekise ukuxuba okwanele kwesengezo negazi.
10. I-tube engeyona engeziwe kufanele ifakwe i-centrifuged kungakapheli imizuzu engama-60-90 ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwegazi.I-tube iqukethe i-clot activator kufanele ibe yi-centrifuged kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-30 ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwegazi.Isivinini se-centrifugal kufanele sibe ngu-3500-4500 rpm/min (amandla e-centrifugal ahlobene > 1600gn) imizuzu engu-6-10.
11. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lonke kufanele kwenziwe kungakapheli amahora ama-4.Isampula ye-plasma ne-serum ehlukanisiwe kufanele ihlolwe ngaphandle kokulibala ngemva kokuqoqwa.Isifanekiso kufanele sigcinwe ezingeni lokushisa elithile uma ukuhlola kungenziwa ngesikhathi.
Izinto Ezidingekayo Kodwa Azinikezwa
Izinaliti nezibambi zokuqoqwa kwegazi (noma amasethi eqoqo legazi)
Tourniquet
I-swab yotshwala
I-Order Of Draw Enconyiwe
Ishubhu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ishubhu elibomvu, ishubhu eliwolintshi, ishubhu eliphuzi, ishubhu eliluhlaza, ishubhu le-lavender, ishubhu elimnyama, ishubhu elimpunga
Qaphela:Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ishubhu lokulahla (ithubhu elibomvu) njengeshubhu lokuqala okufanele lidonswe uma isethi yokuqoqa igazi isetshenziswa.Lokho kuzoqinisekisa isilinganiso esifanele se-anticoagulant-to-blood.
Izexwayiso Nezixwayiso
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-in vitro kuphela.
2. Ungawasebenzisi amashubhu ngemva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
3. Ungawasebenzisi amashubhu uma amashubhu ephukile.
4. Ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kuphela.
5. Ungawasebenzisi amashubhu uma kukhona izinto zangaphandle.
6. Amashubhu anophawu lwe-STERILE afakwe inzalo kusetshenziswa i-Co60.
7. Imiyalo kufanele ilandelwe ngokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.
8. I-tube iqukethe i-clot activator kufanele ibe yi-centrifuged ngemva kokuhlangana kwegazi okuphelele.
9. Gwema ukuchayeka kwamashubhu elangeni eliqondile.
10.Gqoka amagilavu ngesikhathi sokuphunza ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuchayeka
Isitoreji
Gcina amashubhu ku-18-30°C, umswakama ongu-40-65% futhi ugweme ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile.Ungasebenzisi amashubhu ngemva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi olukhonjiswe kumalebula.